Wednesday, October 27, 2010
Lab8 1. What are the primary functions of a database management system? The primary functions of a database management system is for organizing and manipulating data. 2. What is a one-to-one relationship between tables? A many-to-one? A one-to-one relationship between tables is the matches in the nonspatial table in which one table can have no more than one matching row in another table. A many-to-one relationship table is when a table has several matching rows with another table. 3. Why are relational databases so popular (i.e. what are the benefits)? Relational database have several benefits to them, so consist of having series of tables with contain data. In this tables there are rows and coulmns. Rows contain the records while the columns contain the fields. The attribute data stored in the tables can be queryed for flexibility. The coordinate data is stored in a network database. a. What is the Data Type of the LAND_USE field in the Landuse feature class? SHAPE FILE, SPATIAL DATA b. What is the Data Type of the LAND_USE field in the LanduseInfo.dbf table? TEXT, TABULAR DATA, ATTRIBUTE DATA a. Join the LanduseInfo.dbf file TO the Landuse feature class. Explore the table. What are the new fields that have been joined (appended)? The SHAPE Field, LU_DESCRIP, LANDUSE, LU_TYPE, SQMILES, ACRES, e. How many total acres of Open Lands (including Open Land Uses) exist in this new feature class? 280645
Wednesday, October 13, 2010
Lab7
Layer attribute tables
2. You are making a map of Los Angeles and have a point layer that shows all the cities in the region. However, you want to show city names for only 3 cities. What is the most efficient way to achieve this? Label tool on the drawing toolbox
3. Can you manually adjust the position of dynamic labels?
No you can not.
4. Which tool needs to be selected to adjust graphics?
The elements tool.
5. What are the two annotation types?
Database and map annotations.
Ch. 18
1. You are able to construct your own ArcMap templates.
a. True
b. False
2. If you create a map based on an ArcMap template file (.mxt), can you save it as an .mxd file?
Yes, you are able to save it as an .mxd
3. Describe two different ways you can access map templates.
By clicking on file menu and clicking on new. The other way is the ArcMap dialog box
4. You are adding five point graphics to your map. Instead of having to change the properties for each one after you add it, you want to set the default point symbol to a size 12 purple star. How do you do this? Click on the desired symbol which you wish to alter and then select the star symbol and change the color and size.
5. Describe two different ways you can change the color of a graphic circle. You can right-click on the symbol and change the color.The other way is to simply clicking on the symbol and change the color.
Ch. 19
1. What is the first thing you should always do before setting up your map layout?
The first thing you should do before setting up your map layout is set up the page size.
2. Why is the scale different in the data view versus the layout view? The layout view had sized up to the page. In the layout view, it previews the page to see how it will end up of printed.
3. What are three customization options available for the scale bar? The three customization options available for the scale bar are format, units and scale, marks and numbers.
4. Why is it important to use the 1:1(Zoom to 100%) button?
You should use the 1:1 button to stay away from mistakes. It help you view the entire layout so you see everything your working with.
5. Explain how a graphic added to your data view would respond differently compared to a graphic added to the layout view when navigating around your map.
The data view we are able to view single layers at a time, and you are unable to modify and include things such as a title and a legend.
Part 2:
Q-1: Choropleth maps are a type of thematic map. Define what we mean by a choropleth map.
Choropleth maps are comprised of areas that are shaded in sections to the extent or size of the statistical variable.
Q-2: Read about layer files in the ArcGIS Desktop Help. Describe their benefits.
Layer files have the map display properties for labeling and symbolization.
Q-3: How do layer files differ from layer packages?
Layer files do not contain the datasets. Layer packages allow sharing of data. Layer packages contains the layer and a duplicate of its data.
Q-4: What is the population of City of Long Beach for the year 2000?
The population of the city of LB for the year 2000 is 461,522.
Q-5: What is the population for the City of Los Angeles in 2000?
The population for LA in 2000 is 3,694,820
Q-6: Using the ArcGIS Desktop Help, describe the three types of hyperlinks that can be created.
Hyperlinks have to be defined before you use the Hyperlink tool, and they can be one of three types: The three types of hyperlinks that can be created are document, URL, macro. In document, clicking on feature brings up a document. In the URL, clicking on the feature will take you to a website associated with it. In macro, a value is fired up into the macro.
Friday, October 8, 2010
Lab6
1.In your own words, describe how symbology can be influenced by scale.
Symbology can be influenced by scale; one way is the changing of the appearance. The symbol appears different when the scale is skewed.
2. What are two ways (one direct and one indirect) to access a layers symbol colors so that they can be changed? One way is to go directly to the layers panel on the table of contents and right-click on the color for the selected symbol; and then simply change the color of the symbol. One other way is to single click on the symbol you wish to alter. A symbol selector box appears in which you are able to change the fill color and the outline color of the symbol.
3. How would you access the graduated symbols classification option? By double-clicking a layer, then going to the symbology tab, and then going to quantities and graduated symbols.
4. What are 5 other symbology styles (in addition to ‘Conservation’) that are available to customize your features? Five other symbology styles in addition to Conservation are: Crime Analysis, Environmental, Forestry, Hazmat, and Petroleum.
5. How could you permanently save layer symbology for use later on?
By going to the symbol selector properties and simply saving the layer symbology to where ever you want.
6. How can pyramids help raster data display faster? Pyramids document the original information in descending stages of resolution, which in affect help it display quicker.
7. How could you quickly and temporarily change a layer name to aid display in the Table of Contents? By single-clicking on the layer, and simply changing the name of the layer.
8. What is normalization? Give an example of when it would be used.
Normalization is dividing one attribute by another to find the ratio between them. A simple example of when it would be used is between population and area.
9. How could dot density maps be misleading?
They can be misleading enough or large enough to venture outside their symbolized area and confuse the reader.
1.In your own words, describe how symbology can be influenced by scale.
Symbology can be influenced by scale; one way is the changing of the appearance. The symbol appears different when the scale is skewed.
2. What are two ways (one direct and one indirect) to access a layers symbol colors so that they can be changed? One way is to go directly to the layers panel on the table of contents and right-click on the color for the selected symbol; and then simply change the color of the symbol. One other way is to single click on the symbol you wish to alter. A symbol selector box appears in which you are able to change the fill color and the outline color of the symbol.
3. How would you access the graduated symbols classification option? By double-clicking a layer, then going to the symbology tab, and then going to quantities and graduated symbols.
4. What are 5 other symbology styles (in addition to ‘Conservation’) that are available to customize your features? Five other symbology styles in addition to Conservation are: Crime Analysis, Environmental, Forestry, Hazmat, and Petroleum.
5. How could you permanently save layer symbology for use later on?
By going to the symbol selector properties and simply saving the layer symbology to where ever you want.
6. How can pyramids help raster data display faster? Pyramids document the original information in descending stages of resolution, which in affect help it display quicker.
7. How could you quickly and temporarily change a layer name to aid display in the Table of Contents? By single-clicking on the layer, and simply changing the name of the layer.
8. What is normalization? Give an example of when it would be used.
Normalization is dividing one attribute by another to find the ratio between them. A simple example of when it would be used is between population and area.
9. How could dot density maps be misleading?
They can be misleading enough or large enough to venture outside their symbolized area and confuse the reader.
Symbology can be influenced by scale; one way is the changing of the appearance. The symbol appears different when the scale is skewed.
2. What are two ways (one direct and one indirect) to access a layers symbol colors so that they can be changed? One way is to go directly to the layers panel on the table of contents and right-click on the color for the selected symbol; and then simply change the color of the symbol. One other way is to single click on the symbol you wish to alter. A symbol selector box appears in which you are able to change the fill color and the outline color of the symbol.
3. How would you access the graduated symbols classification option? By double-clicking a layer, then going to the symbology tab, and then going to quantities and graduated symbols.
4. What are 5 other symbology styles (in addition to ‘Conservation’) that are available to customize your features? Five other symbology styles in addition to Conservation are: Crime Analysis, Environmental, Forestry, Hazmat, and Petroleum.
5. How could you permanently save layer symbology for use later on?
By going to the symbol selector properties and simply saving the layer symbology to where ever you want.
6. How can pyramids help raster data display faster? Pyramids document the original information in descending stages of resolution, which in affect help it display quicker.
7. How could you quickly and temporarily change a layer name to aid display in the Table of Contents? By single-clicking on the layer, and simply changing the name of the layer.
8. What is normalization? Give an example of when it would be used.
Normalization is dividing one attribute by another to find the ratio between them. A simple example of when it would be used is between population and area.
9. How could dot density maps be misleading?
They can be misleading enough or large enough to venture outside their symbolized area and confuse the reader.
1.In your own words, describe how symbology can be influenced by scale.
Symbology can be influenced by scale; one way is the changing of the appearance. The symbol appears different when the scale is skewed.
2. What are two ways (one direct and one indirect) to access a layers symbol colors so that they can be changed? One way is to go directly to the layers panel on the table of contents and right-click on the color for the selected symbol; and then simply change the color of the symbol. One other way is to single click on the symbol you wish to alter. A symbol selector box appears in which you are able to change the fill color and the outline color of the symbol.
3. How would you access the graduated symbols classification option? By double-clicking a layer, then going to the symbology tab, and then going to quantities and graduated symbols.
4. What are 5 other symbology styles (in addition to ‘Conservation’) that are available to customize your features? Five other symbology styles in addition to Conservation are: Crime Analysis, Environmental, Forestry, Hazmat, and Petroleum.
5. How could you permanently save layer symbology for use later on?
By going to the symbol selector properties and simply saving the layer symbology to where ever you want.
6. How can pyramids help raster data display faster? Pyramids document the original information in descending stages of resolution, which in affect help it display quicker.
7. How could you quickly and temporarily change a layer name to aid display in the Table of Contents? By single-clicking on the layer, and simply changing the name of the layer.
8. What is normalization? Give an example of when it would be used.
Normalization is dividing one attribute by another to find the ratio between them. A simple example of when it would be used is between population and area.
9. How could dot density maps be misleading?
They can be misleading enough or large enough to venture outside their symbolized area and confuse the reader.
Lab1b
1a. Defining GIS:
Find and copy three definitions of “GIS” from different websites. Include the source or URL link to those definitions. Also, be sure to identify what the acronym “GIS” stands for in each of these definitions. For example, does it mean Geographic Information Science or Geographic Information Systems?
1. “A geographic information system (GIS), or geographical information system, is any system that captures, stores, analyzes, manages, and presents data that are linked to location.” wikipedia.org/wiki/GIS
2. “Geographical Information System - Used to store and manipulate spatial data such as geometry and topology - the connections between geometries. This is usually stored in the form of vectors and then often overlayed onto data such as maps.”
www.flexibility.co.uk/helpful/glossary.htm
www.flexibility.co.uk/helpful/glossary.htm
3. “GIS is a system of hardware and software used for storage, retrieval, mapping, and analysis of geographic data. Practitioners also regard the total GIS as including the operating personnel and the data that go into the system. http://www.nwgis.com/gisdefn.htm
1b. Briefly discuss the similarities between the definitions.
The same concept goes for all three definitions which is the storage and analysis of spatial data.
1c. What differences exist between the definitions (i.e. are there any that have unique phrases or descriptions?) In the second definition it mention “the connections between geometries”, and how you are able to manipulate theses spatial geometries. In the first definition, which I believe is the simplest of all three, states that is a system that captures, stores, analyzes, manages and presents all the data collected that which are linked to a location.
1d. What does this tell you about the field of GIS? It tells me the field began as a straightforward system just to try and analyze information and is growing and expanding to something that most did not expect.
2. Find three examples of applied 'real‐world' uses of GIS. Write brief descriptions (i.e. a few sentences) for each example and include references or webpage links (URLs) to each project.
One example of applied ‘real-world’ uses of GIS is the Applied Data Consultants, who use GIS to help others to create geospatial websites that are understandable and presentable. adc4gis.com/
Another example of applied ‘real-world’ uses of GIS is the use of 3-D GIS to Present Real-World Results. It is exactly what it sounds like. Using GIS to show actual results of anticipated projects.
www.geoplace.com/ME2/dirmod.asp?sid=&nm=&type=MultiPublishing&mod=PublishingTitles&mid=13B2F0D0AFA04476A2ACC02ED28A405F&tier=4&id=27F8ABDCB9CB4E44A3A7329BD3700AB0
One other example of applied ‘real-world’ uses of GIS is its application and incorporation to GPS systems. It basically helps ease the travelers and workers job by updating and accurately portraying the local public road system and much more. www.esri.com/library/bestpractices/using-gis-with-gps.pdf
3. Briefly describe at least three differences and three similarities between maps and GIS.
Some similarities are the dynamic representations of information, hold information, and features that are represented by symbology. Some differences are in GIS the information that is altered and stored in digital format as spatial and attribute data. You are able to have attribute tables to demonstrate additional information. One other difference is the metadata. Metadata is essentially the data about data.
Friday, October 1, 2010
Lab5
What are some advantages and disadvantages of using digital spatial data?
Some advantages of using digital spatial data is it possesses effectiveness while being the quickest and easiest source of spatial information.
What are the most important questions you must ask before using already-developed spatial data?
Some of the most important questions someone might ask before using already-developed spatial data is it a reliable source. Will the data be efficient enough for processing information that is required. Is the data a cost effective source.
How do DOQs differ from regular photographs?
DOQs are scanned aerial photographic images with uniform scale. They consist of a one meter resolution with jpeg or tiff format. They are also used for updating data and for control points
Choose three existing data sets and describe who produces them, what the source materials are and what they contain.
The U.S. Geologic Survey are the producers of D.R.G,Digital Raster Graphic. which consists of a scanned image of the U.S.G.S. topographic map.
National Hydrologic Dataset is essentially the surface water module of the U.S map. The U.S.G.S. produces the NHD, which consists of information about the natural water and or constructed paths of water and the routes the take.The Geocommunity Data Depot is a data set that consists of all forms of GIS data. The Geocommunity are the one who produce the data and are made out for public use. The GIS software is needed to use and layout the GIS data.
What is the difference between DEMs and NEDs?
NEDs are primary elevation source data product from the USGS DEMs. It is a dataset that consists of the best available raster elevation of the U.S. DEMs, Digital Elevation Model and NEDs, National Elevation Dataset, are essentially working hand in hand. 10 meter resolution DEMs are what most of the NEDs are composed of.
Go to my folder for Geog206 on the Y drive and copy the Lab5Data.mdb geodatabase down to your Lab5 folder. Explore the geodatabase.
a. What are the names of the feature datasets in the geodatabase?
Basemap, Hydrology
b. What are the names of the feature classes in the hydrology dataset?
NHDFlowline, NHDPoint, NHDWaterbody, Watersheds
c. For each one of the feature classes you just listed, describe whether it is a polygon, line or point layer.
NHDFlowline: Line, NHD Point: Point, NHD Waterbody: Polygon, Watersheds: Polygon
. Using ArcCatalog, answer the following questions.
a. Is topoq24.shp a raster or vector layer?
Vector
b. What is the GIS data format of topoq24.shp?
Shapefile
c. Is there metadata associated with topoq24.shp?
Yes there is metadata associated with topoq24.shp
d. What is the GIS data format of the NHDFlowline layer?
Vector
e. Is there metadata associated with NHDFlowline?
Yes there is data associated with NHDFlowline
f. What are 3 keywords used to describe the NHDFlowline layer?
National Hydrography Dataset
g. Who created the NHDFlowline layer?
U.S. Geological Survey
.Export the NHDFlowline feature class to a shapefile format, name it NHDFlowline.shp and place in the Lab_5 folder on your C-drive.
a. Is there still metadata associated with the layer? Yes there is metadata associated with the layer.
In the next step, you will use the topo layer to figure out which DOQQ to download from the CASIL website so that you can view the CSUN campus.
In the USGS_QD_ID field, find the value that corresponds to the Canoga Park QUAD_NAME. What is it? 34118-B5
Load the DOQQ tiff into your Lab5 ArcMap document. Is the DOQQ black and white or CIR (color infrared)? The DOQQ is a CIR.
Some advantages of using digital spatial data is it possesses effectiveness while being the quickest and easiest source of spatial information.
What are the most important questions you must ask before using already-developed spatial data?
Some of the most important questions someone might ask before using already-developed spatial data is it a reliable source. Will the data be efficient enough for processing information that is required. Is the data a cost effective source.
How do DOQs differ from regular photographs?
DOQs are scanned aerial photographic images with uniform scale. They consist of a one meter resolution with jpeg or tiff format. They are also used for updating data and for control points
Choose three existing data sets and describe who produces them, what the source materials are and what they contain.
The U.S. Geologic Survey are the producers of D.R.G,Digital Raster Graphic. which consists of a scanned image of the U.S.G.S. topographic map.
National Hydrologic Dataset is essentially the surface water module of the U.S map. The U.S.G.S. produces the NHD, which consists of information about the natural water and or constructed paths of water and the routes the take.The Geocommunity Data Depot is a data set that consists of all forms of GIS data. The Geocommunity are the one who produce the data and are made out for public use. The GIS software is needed to use and layout the GIS data.
What is the difference between DEMs and NEDs?
NEDs are primary elevation source data product from the USGS DEMs. It is a dataset that consists of the best available raster elevation of the U.S. DEMs, Digital Elevation Model and NEDs, National Elevation Dataset, are essentially working hand in hand. 10 meter resolution DEMs are what most of the NEDs are composed of.
Go to my folder for Geog206 on the Y drive and copy the Lab5Data.mdb geodatabase down to your Lab5 folder. Explore the geodatabase.
a. What are the names of the feature datasets in the geodatabase?
Basemap, Hydrology
b. What are the names of the feature classes in the hydrology dataset?
NHDFlowline, NHDPoint, NHDWaterbody, Watersheds
c. For each one of the feature classes you just listed, describe whether it is a polygon, line or point layer.
NHDFlowline: Line, NHD Point: Point, NHD Waterbody: Polygon, Watersheds: Polygon
. Using ArcCatalog, answer the following questions.
a. Is topoq24.shp a raster or vector layer?
Vector
b. What is the GIS data format of topoq24.shp?
Shapefile
c. Is there metadata associated with topoq24.shp?
Yes there is metadata associated with topoq24.shp
d. What is the GIS data format of the NHDFlowline layer?
Vector
e. Is there metadata associated with NHDFlowline?
Yes there is data associated with NHDFlowline
f. What are 3 keywords used to describe the NHDFlowline layer?
National Hydrography Dataset
g. Who created the NHDFlowline layer?
U.S. Geological Survey
.Export the NHDFlowline feature class to a shapefile format, name it NHDFlowline.shp and place in the Lab_5 folder on your C-drive.
a. Is there still metadata associated with the layer? Yes there is metadata associated with the layer.
In the next step, you will use the topo layer to figure out which DOQQ to download from the CASIL website so that you can view the CSUN campus.
In the USGS_QD_ID field, find the value that corresponds to the Canoga Park QUAD_NAME. What is it? 34118-B5
Load the DOQQ tiff into your Lab5 ArcMap document. Is the DOQQ black and white or CIR (color infrared)? The DOQQ is a CIR.
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